The Constitutional Council has just render a favorable opinion on the law extending the age of retirement, and the movement of social revolt was barely lukewarm, the MEDEF quietly off again to the assault the "solidarity pact" inherited in 1945. The employers' organization has quietly posted on 26 October, a report by the Institute Montaigne advancing "15 proposals for the employment of youth and senior citizens. The Institut Montaigne? It is a think tank created in 2000 by Claude Bebear, former CEO of Axa. This "think tank" expresses "devoid of any partisan attachment. But it is funded by eighty large companies, including Areva, Barclays, BNP Paribas, Bolloré, Bouygues, Dassault, Ernst & Young, LVMH, Sanofi-Aventis, SFR, Total, Vinci, Veolia ... Structures absolutely not "partisan" and are careful not to exert any influence on policy and direction of interest.
What's there in that report? This observation may be broadly shared. The employment rate for people under 25 years and more than 55 years remains in France, desperately low. Young people know a precarious "alarming." Nearly one in five lives below the poverty line. One in three landed a first job after more than two and a half years of endless research. Opportunities for access to vocational training for over 40 years are largely unknown and inadequate. During a career, the "glass ceiling" is virtually unbreakable for those who have not had the opportunity nor the ways to integrate the French system of very large schools. "The generation gap has now opened up between the" Baby Boomers ", who receive a pension the longest in the world, and" unemployment generation "born in the 1980s", asserts the Institut Montaigne. It is undeniable.
the past let us clean slate
But who is responsible for this depressing picture? Large companies, on the one hand, improperly use internships, and other get rid of their employees over age 55 at the any chance? No. Social and tax exemptions - 172 billion euros in 2010! - Including the CAC 40 companies use and abuse without creating jobs (at the expense of SMEs, they have created jobs despite the crisis) [1]? Either. Discrimination faced by young people, graduates or not, from many neighborhoods? Not at all. The near absence of representation of the new generations in the democratic national bodies (only 4% of French MPs are under 40 years ...)? No.
The culprit is the "solidarity pact" made implemented at the end of the Second World War. Fact: Social Security, unemployment insurance, retirement division, the week of 40 hours, the creation of minimum wage, some form of social democracy ... All this should not be renovated, improved, made more fair. For the Institut Montaigne, the pact "not only no longer contributes to ensuring social cohesion but the threat. Dangerously. "Several obstacles inherited from the bygone era and impeding the work must be removed. And they are many.
Transforming CDI CSD
The sacrosanct Commission first. For many people it is synonymous with a minimum of stability and security in this deregulated world. A young person who picks up the sesame can finally throw beyond a few months, consider looking for housing for example, or a few personal projects dreaming. For the Institut Montaigne, the CDI is instead a synonym for "inappropriate rigidity. It is therefore proposed to make it more "flexible" (proposal No. 9). Basically, to make a CSD - the latter would be removed - without the bonus. This contract will allow more flexibility for employers to unilaterally change the nature of the position, duties, compensation or working hours. The business could dismiss an employee after a mission so-called indeterminate ... And, without financial compensation.
"Currently, it is not possible to break a CDI for a reason other than economic," says the Institute. That the comfort is quite feasible, must still pay the statutory compensation under the Labour Code or the collective agreement. All these horrors in the eyes of the authors of the report, which threaten social cohesion: "France is illustrated by a special labor law binding, which creates secure threshold effects for those on the right side of the fence. " Conclusion: let everyone go on the wrong side in the name of fairness.
Side wages, experts of the Institut Montaigne is not "it's fair to lower the salary." Phew! It is almost assured. But the respite is brief: "The continued rise of salaries throughout the professional career", because of seniority, is a hindrance to "the attractiveness of senior citizens." Failing to lower wages, how not to increase ? Very simple. It is proposed to generalize, for "management positions, variable remuneration, which would complement a fixed salary (Proposal No. 6). It's called individual premiums, the operation is often discretionary. And we know the adverse consequences that might arise from such individualized premiums based solely set quantitative targets, in call centers, for example: lower quality for quantity, forced sales or abuse, a competitive permanent teams, submission to the superior, stress, discomfort ... Generalize this system, it promises!
44 years of contributions
is far from everything. The institute calls for outright deletion of the statutory age of retirement (proposal No. 14). And elongation at 44 years, by 2020, the contribution period for a full pension (currently set at 41 years from 2012). The report also recommends that the penalty - the discount - applied to the pensions of employees who have not contributed enough or heavy, rising to 7% per year. Currently, the loss is 1.25% to 2.5% per year of contribution missing (making it already one of the largest discounts in Europe). In short, to the laboratory of ideas, "choose the output torque of life according to his needs and within your means", it means working 44 years in CSD with permanent salaries vary widely.
For retirement, such as education, are considered downtime. The think-tank suggests developing "employability throughout life." Alternating work and learning must become more widespread in secondary and higher education (proposals 1 and 2). That students learn history more useful skills for shareholders, rather than knowledge not really profitable in the short term, and likely to sharpen critical thinking.
Students apprentices would be paid with "real wage part-time" without that we know what to researchers at the institute, is a "real wages" (a minimum wage? A salary of the Director of the Institut Montaigne?). In parallel, the training levy paid by companies should be deleted, but the state is invited to pay an allowance of 300 euros per month to complete the "real wages" of students apprentices. Or how to turn 2.2 million students in low labor cost in the name of the fight against unemployment, and expense ...
The heavy silence of the Institut Montaigne (and the MEDEF )
Leaders Think Tank providing use a "method of analysis and rigorous research and critical." However, their research spend several facts in silence. If the "solidarity pact" that has ensured the prosperity of France for half a century has, according to them, transformed into a major threat, it would be mainly due to demography: "The problem is that this model is now facing a demographic situation radically different from that which he was born," "assets" - 41% of the population - supporting the "double burden of studies and pensions. Exit the issue of sharing wealth.
The European Commission and INSEE, the share of wages in value added - the wealth created - companies dropped significantly in thirty years [2]. This means an average wage level remains low (less than 1,500 euros net for workers and employees) and tens of thousands of jobs not created for the benefit of a better return on capital. If wage increases linked to seniority as a brake, that is not the case of a continuing rise in dividends paid to shareholders (196 billion euros in dividends in 2007 against 40 billion in 1993). Moreover, the Institut Montaigne did not speak. In the 110-page report, the word "shareholder" does not exist. Other
silence devices tax exemptions - unevenly - companies. "In total, the exceptions applicable tax and social business, broadly defined, represent more than 172 billion euros in 2010, leading to the recent report of the Council of taxation. Seventeen times the current deficit of pension funds! The number of these devices increased from 44 in 2005 to 64 in 2010. Several of them are supposed to have been established to promote, directly or indirectly creating employment. Strangely, the Institut Montaigne derives no balance.
When work comes down to employability
Stranger still, these many findings in the report - and essential to explain the current situation - not lead to any proposal. The Institute regrets and a certain distrust of the young and the elderly with regard to the work. The first did not do their priority, the latter do anything to get out as soon as they are entitled. "The significant deterioration of working conditions, lack of recognition and consideration, the loss of a good and friendly atmosphere generated by the particular race for profitability and performance, the physical and psychological stress, finally strong incentives to end the occupation accounted for most of this phenomenon of premature exit from the workplace, "explains the report. Then, nothing. As if learning, work contracts more flexible and longer contribution period would solve this problem yet central. No questioning the functioning of enterprises. Do not bite the hand that feeds you.
For the authors of the MEDEF, the worsening of discomfort at work may be due, too, the "solidarity pact" of 1945. Would not this archaic social security too easy for employees to report sick or suffering an accident at work, which blocks an unduly workstation? We suggest a 16th proposal: Social Security permanently delete!
of Ivan and Nadia Roy Jabali
http://www.bastamag.net/
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